Short sleep time and poor sleep quality are significant factors for insomnia. Longitudinal studies confirmed the close association of anxiety and depression with insomnia. Approximately 90% and 80% of individuals with anxiety and depression had insomnia symptoms in cross-sectional studies, respectively. The association between insomnia and psychiatric disorders has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, some studies have reported contradictory results. Insomnia prevalence is typically higher among individuals with lower incomes and lower education levels. Insomnia prevalence is stable from 15 to 44 years of age and increases over 45 years. The elderly population has an increased insomnia prevalence compared to the young or middle age population in almost all epidemiological studies. Gender, age, socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidities are known to be significant factors for insomnia prevalence. There are differences in the prevalence, association with excessive daytime sleepiness and psychiatric comorbidities among these subtypes. These subtypes include difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS) and early morning awakening (EMA). ĭifferent insomnia symptoms have been defined as subtypes of insomnia.
Insomnia prevalence varies according to the definition of insomnia or insomnia symptom. Therefore, insomnia imposes a significant personal and social burden. Insomnia affects 6–18% of the general population. It is associated with impaired social performance, cultural difference and daytime functioning, along with other psychological/physical conditions. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the general population.
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